The following health physics questions have been answered by an expert and approved by our editors for inclusion in our "Ask the Experts" feature. Click on the question to see the answer.
Questions in this Category Are in the Following Subcategories:
|
| • Instrument Calibration (IC) |
| • Surveys and Measurements (SM) |
• Personnel Monitoring (PM)
|
| • Miscellaneous |
| |
Instrument Calibration (IC)
|
| Q154 |
– |
I have several questions about HEPA filters. |
| Q305 |
– |
How to handle MDA |
| Q807 |
– |
Reference for counting statistics |
| Q1140 |
– |
Water as a liquid scintillation fluid |
| Q1146 |
– |
Black electrical tape to repair alpha probes |
| Q1153 |
– |
Liquid scintillation counting |
| Q1221 |
– |
Counts from a CsI:Tl detector |
| Q1238 |
– |
Reduce errors in dose calibrator tests |
| Q1307 |
– |
Quenching with yellow solution |
| Q1330 |
– |
Gamma-ray spectroscopy |
| Q1367 |
– |
measuring noble gas concentrations |
| Q1381 |
– |
Determining absolute system sensitivity |
| Q1389 |
– |
Photomultiplier tube efficiency |
| Q1591 |
– |
Liquid scintillation counting |
| Q1864 |
– |
What are the most appropriate methods for the calibration of a cesium-137 source? |
| Q1881 |
– |
Why calibrate radiac devices? |
| Q2018 |
– |
MDA and LLD |
| Q2067 |
– |
Radon chamber |
| Q2299 |
– |
Origin of Compton edge |
| Q2352 |
– |
Counting U and Th minerals |
| Q2356 |
– |
Reducing random errors |
| Q2426 |
– |
GM dead time |
| Q2452 |
– |
Background count time |
| Q2476 |
– |
Convert neutron counts to dose |
| Q2477 |
– |
Inverse RPG curve for neutrons |
| Q2478 |
– |
Aerosol particle size neutralizer |
| Q2829 |
– |
Instrument's nonlinearity |
| Q2834 |
– |
Calibration for thorium-232 |
| Q2880 |
– |
Proportioned counter gases |
| Q2898 |
– |
NaI peak widths |
| Q2997 |
– |
Temperature and G-M tubes |
| Q3077 |
– |
Dead time, background factors |
| Q3088 |
– |
Selection of energy windows |
| Q3288 |
– |
Comparison between gross alpha and alpha spectrometry values |
| Q3447 |
– |
Tolerance |
| Q3477 |
– |
Royal Scintillator Detector |
| Q3590 |
– |
Sealed source leak testing |
| Q3610 |
– |
Convert cpm to dpm |
| Q3642 |
– |
Measure neutron fluence |
| Q3878 |
– |
Mass attenuation coefficients |
| Q4882 |
– |
Liquid scintillation counter malfunction |
| Q4904 |
– |
Relative efficiency of germaniium detectors |
| Q4909 |
– |
Calibrating ion chambers |
| Q5204 |
– |
Efficiency for a well counter |
| Q5220 |
– |
Soft x rays |
| Q5410 |
– |
GM vs. ionization chamber for ion measurements |
| Q5421 |
– |
Electronic personal monitor count-to-dose conversion factor |
| Q5440 |
– |
Determination of activity of californium-252 source |
| Q5525 |
– |
Conversion of cpm to dpm in liquid scintillation counting |
| Q6163 |
– |
Using wide window for well counting |
| Q6694 |
– |
Is it reasonable to use radon and progeny to determine gamma efficiencies for gaseous radionuclides? |
| Q6789 |
– |
How do I calibrate the gamma counter for I-125? |
| Q6829 |
– |
Are there any self-calibrating detectors? |
| Q6973 |
– |
How do I maintain a fixed source-detector distance for calibration? |
| Q7150 |
– |
Can I relate instrument calibration results obtained with plutonium-238 to plutonium-239 results? |
| Q7401 |
– |
How do I determine efficiencies for NaI counting of environmental samples? |
| Q7972 |
– |
How does detector get output converted to dose? |
| Q8371 |
– |
Correlate gamma spectrum with dose |
| Q8495 |
– |
Should this GM instrument meet any special requirements? |
| Q8505 |
– |
What conversion factors should I use to convert between ambient dose equivalent and air kerma? |
| Q8629 |
– |
Low Energy Response of GAFCHROMIC EBT Film |
| Q8813 |
– |
Mock iodine-131 source |
| Q8865 |
– |
TLD-100 for high-energy photons |
| Q8949 |
– |
Relationship between absorbed dose and ambient dose equivalent |
| Q8983 |
– |
Why are these personnel contamination monitors yielding excessive efficiencies? |
| Q9038 |
– |
Do electronic personal dosimeters have to be calibrated? |
| Q9093 |
– |
TLDs for entrance surface dose measurements. |
| Q9232 |
– |
Interpret surface contamination levels from ionization chamber measurements |
| Q9278 |
– |
Mock sources for Iodine-123 and Iodine-124 |
| Q9321 |
– |
What dose should be used for TLD calibration? |
| Q9367 |
– |
How do I calibrate a flow-through chamber for airborne beta emitters? |
| Q9501 |
– |
CR-39 response to 14 MeV neutrons |
| Q10110 |
– |
How do I determine MDA in gamma spectrometry? |
| Q10132 |
– |
Does it matter which side of the check source faces the detector? |
| Q10278 |
– |
How do I set up this liquid scintillation counter for alpha/beta measurements? |
| Q10407 |
– |
How do I calibrate TLDs for x-ray surface dose measurements? |
| Q10531 |
– |
Is calibration necessary for this GM detector? |
| Q10548 |
– |
Radon concentration produced by Pylon source |
| Q10686 |
– |
What testing and/or calibration is required for this SCA/NaI(Tl) system? |
| |
Surveys and Measurements (SM)
|
| Q65 |
– |
I want a device to monitor radioactive contamination. |
| Q96 |
– |
When should I use a pancake probe instead of a survey meter probe? |
| Q204 |
– |
Forward information on very high-dose detectors. |
| Q209 |
– |
How do CdTe and NaI detectors work? |
| Q253 |
– |
Patient surveys following administration of beta emitters |
| Q263 |
– |
Swipe surveys in remote areas |
| Q323 |
– |
Collection efficiencies for swipe materials |
| Q438 |
– |
Meter for measuring cobalt-58 |
| Q463 |
– |
Pancake probes vs. ion chambers |
| Q534 |
– |
Alpha, beta, and gamma detectors |
| Q628 |
– |
CDV-777 kits |
| Q688 |
– |
Phosphor GR200 |
| Q761 |
– |
GM tubes |
| Q883 |
– |
Detector to respond to alpha, beta, and gamma |
| Q992 |
– |
Automated Transportation Indexing System |
| Q1069 |
– |
Gamma-radiation measurements |
| Q1111 |
– |
GM survey meter to measure betas |
| Q1151 |
– |
Detector for mine tailings environment |
| Q1208 |
– |
Radon and Geiger counters |
| Q1225 |
– |
Pancake probe to check for technetium-99 contamination |
| Q1309 |
– |
X-ray unit exposure rate determination |
| Q1405 |
– |
Narrow beam measurements with a GM tube |
| Q1425 |
– |
Measuring carbon-14 and hydrogen-3 |
| Q1620 |
– |
Radon monitoring |
| Q1648 |
– |
Depleted uranium swipes |
| Q1649 |
– |
Pancake probes |
| Q1712 |
– |
NaI crystal and survey meter |
| Q1751 |
– |
X-ray emissions from CRT |
| Q1787 |
– |
Emissions from stacks |
| Q1981 |
– |
Alpha scintillation |
| Q2134 |
– |
Nuclear density gauge |
| Q2320 |
– |
X-ray diffraction unit leakage |
| Q2391 |
– |
Contamination surveys |
| Q2522 |
– |
Radionuclide identification |
| Q3012 |
– |
Gamma/beta fields |
| Q3036 |
– |
Using liquid scintillation to measure a gamma emitter |
| Q3052 |
– |
Measure strontium-90 in the human body |
| Q3128 |
– |
Stack monitoring |
| Q3280 |
– |
Radon measurements |
| Q3467 |
– |
Monitor-4 |
| Q3580 |
– |
How does GM counter measure rem? |
| Q3644 |
– |
Detectable dpm |
| Q3760 |
– |
Counting cadmium-109 and carbon-14 |
| Q3800 |
– |
Radiation surveys in radiology rooms |
| Q3906 |
– |
Well counting spill correction |
| Q4026 |
– |
Air monitoring sample points |
| Q4067 |
– |
Water sample and public dose limit |
| Q4088 |
– |
Need preamplifier and MCA |
| Q4148 |
– |
Convert from counts to dose |
| Q4202 |
– |
Will a space heater affect the readings of a continuous radon monitor? |
| Q4305 |
– |
Shielding in a diagnostic x-ray facility ceiling |
| Q4316 |
– |
Plastic gamma detectors |
| Q4338 |
– |
Geiger-Müller |
| Q4495 |
– |
Survey of nuclear power plant materials |
| Q4713 |
– |
Background counts by G-M |
| Q4796 |
– |
Calibrate TLD-100 chips |
| Q4934 |
– |
Reaching equilibrium |
| Q4936 |
– |
Contamination surveys |
| Q4943 |
– |
Over response of G-M detectors |
| Q5069 |
– |
Chi-square test |
| Q5388 |
– |
Causes of transient responses in air ionization chambers |
| Q5521 |
– |
Quenching by silicone greaser from tritum bubbler |
| Q5799 |
– |
Determination of volume and area concentrations of radionuclides |
| Q5818 |
– |
Palladium-103 implant monitoring |
| Q5897 |
– |
Wipe methods for tritium surface contamination |
| Q5982 |
– |
Why is chi-square range so wide? |
| Q6104 |
– |
Gamma detectors for radionuclide identification |
| Q6161 |
– |
What is the source of this 140 keV contaminant in Tc-99m? |
| Q6174 |
– |
What causes change in ionization chamber leakage? |
| Q6213 |
– |
Should I expect ion chamber measurement problems for a pulsed x-ray source? |
| Q6292 |
– |
Is GM detector dead time affected by type of radiation? |
| Q6443 |
– |
Sampling and measuring carbon-14 in groundwater |
| Q6457 |
– |
How do I position a fixed area monitor and establish alarm set point? |
| Q6506 |
– |
What detector should I use to detect radiations from rocks? |
| Q6571 |
– |
What causes large variations in wipe analyses for tritium? |
| Q6593 |
– |
What does energy range refer to in survey instrument descriptions? |
| Q6655 |
– |
How can I differentiate among different PET nuclides in a mixture of such radionuclides? |
| Q6701 |
– |
How do I decide whether this object is contaminated? |
| Q6820 |
– |
Differences in detector efficiencies and background responses |
| Q6899 |
– |
Will this 0.1 mm wall, air-filled GM detector respond to alpha radiation? |
| Q6937 |
– |
Alpha detector efficiency |
| Q6965 |
– |
Convert TLD entrance skin dose to effective dose |
| Q6984 |
– |
Instruments to detect orphan sources |
| Q6998 |
– |
Are instruments available that directly measure surface contamination levels? |
| Q7119 |
– |
Instrumentation for measuring beta-gamma emitting contamination |
| Q7168 |
– |
Can I separate these photon energies from 111In using a well counter? |
| Q7240 |
– |
Can I convert the count rate on this detector to radon concentration? |
| Q7241 |
– |
Is this GM probe able to measure this surface contamination level? |
| Q7387 |
– |
How can I measure zinc 65 contamination? |
| Q7413 |
– |
Are wireless environmental monitoring systems available? |
| Q7442 |
– |
Small dimension alpha probes |
| Q7449 |
– |
Measure x rays with GM detector |
| Q7500 |
– |
Correlate count rate on GM with technetium-99m skin activity |
| Q7530 |
– |
Spillover between alpha and beta channels in proportional counter |
| Q7546 |
– |
Lead-214 and bismuth-214 gamma rays for radium-226 determination |
| Q7605 |
– |
Surface contamination measurements and need for respiratory protection |
| Q7763 |
– |
Why bother with the reduced chi-square value? |
| Q7823 |
– |
Is radium-226 analysis by gamma spectrometry reliable? |
| Q7958 |
– |
Does this chi-square value show system |
| Q7973 |
– |
How is transport index determined? |
| Q7986 |
– |
Is residual bomb radioactivity visible by satellite imaging? |
| Q8067 |
– |
Why is the manufacturer’s measurement range different from the display range for this GM? |
| Q8079 |
– |
How do I correlate GM exposure rate and count rate on gamma camera? |
| Q8149 |
– |
How does the guard ring reduce leakage in ion chamber? |
| Q8162 |
– |
Multiuse contamination detector |
| Q8184 |
– |
What GM response should I expect from this Na-22 source? |
| Q8227 |
– |
How do I use this NaI detector to measure RDD ground contamination? |
| Q8263 |
– |
Why are these package surface dose rates different? |
| Q8288 |
– |
Is this attenuation method legitimate for beta radionuclide identification? |
| Q8308 |
– |
What dosimeters can be used to measure reactor in-core doses? |
| Q8437 |
– |
How do I obtain dose rate from count rate for this neutron instrument? |
| Q8446 |
– |
Average photon energy from reactor pulse height distribution |
| Q8558 |
– |
What 9-inch ball was used for the 9-inch/3-inch method for neutron energy assessment? |
| Q8597 |
– |
Use of thorium-232 progeny to determine thorium activity |
| Q8600 |
– |
Is the pancake detector suitable for screening purposes in leak testing? |
| Q8895 |
– |
How do I interpret energy dependence of this GM detector? |
| Q8910 |
– |
Where should I set the alarm point on this Inspector GM? |
| Q8948 |
– |
How does this CsI detector measure dose? |
| Q8976 |
– |
Are there radon monitors that provide very rapid response to airborne radon? |
| Q8995 |
– |
Will magnesium chloride enhance or decrease the response of the neutron water content gauge?” |
| Q9194 |
– |
Can event detectors measure dose? |
| Q9287 |
– |
What radiations from technetium-99m are causing the detector response? |
| Q9411 |
– |
Is there a predictable relationship between GM reading and actual dose rate for LINAC measurements? |
| Q9431 |
– |
Radionuclides that interfere with radium-226 quantification by gamma spectroscopy |
| Q9433 |
– |
Using the 186 keV gamma ray from radium to assess uranium content |
| Q9568 |
– |
What instruments are appropriate for beryllium-7 surveys? |
| Q9599 |
– |
Is chi-square test appropriate for gamma camera? |
| Q9614 |
– |
How should I perform this leak test? |
| Q9722 |
– |
What impact does changing air particulate sampling flow rate have? |
| Q9806 |
– |
How do I make survey measurements on the level gauge? |
| Q9846 |
– |
How do we handle radon progeny contamination when exiting RCA in a nuclear plant? |
| Q9862 |
– |
Are these Japanese radiation levels significant? |
| Q9871 |
– |
What is the procedure for doing a manual whole-body frisk? |
| Q9967 |
– |
How should I sample for airborne iodine-125? |
| Q10000 |
– |
How should I handle this variable data? |
| Q10004 |
– |
Should I use liquid scintillation or gamma counting for leak test measurements? |
| Q10133 |
– |
Why are these instrument readings on this package different? |
| Q10173 |
– |
Is this flow rate suitable for a CAM? |
| Q10190 |
– |
How do I show these measurements represent insignificant doses? |
| Q10281 |
– |
Are these reading spikes on the GM a concern? |
| Q10330 |
– |
Elevated GM reading on Maine seaweed |
| Q10336 |
– |
Why might these dosimeter results be different from the survey instrument results? |
| Q10403 |
– |
Should I expect terrestrial gamma dose rate and measured dose rate to agree? |
| Q10431 |
– |
Does the LSC or an internal proportional counter have the highest Fe-55 counting efficiency? |
| Q10433 |
– |
How are exposure readings related to effective dose, and when are count rate measurements appropriate? |
| Q10434 |
– |
How low a reading is legitimate on these ion chambers? |
| Q10445 |
– |
Can gamma spectrometry be used for analysis of uranium in water? |
| Q10452 |
– |
Adjusting window thicknesses for instrument measurements of shallow, eye, and deep dose |
| Q10502 |
– |
Air sampling for tritium |
| Q10514 |
– |
What accounts for the shape of the energy response curve for this GM detector? |
| Q10557 |
– |
Loss of tritium from volatility from wipes |
| Q10580 |
– |
How do I correlate gamma activity results with gross alpha and beta results? |
| |
Personnel Monitoring (PM)
|
| Q11 |
– |
Which materials must have a criticality dosimeter and why? |
| Q22 |
– |
Optically stimulated luminescence. |
| Q312 |
– |
At what temperature will a TLD's accuracy be compromised? |
| Q353 |
– |
Availability of pocket dosimeters |
| Q375 |
– |
Measuring doses: mammography, beta emitters, and fetal. |
| Q377 |
– |
Film badges for personnel monitoring. |
| Q567 |
– |
Skin contamination |
| Q644 |
– |
Monitoring for phosphorus isotopes |
| Q847 |
– |
Radiochromic film dosimetry |
| Q871 |
– |
Are medical doses included in occupational doses? |
| Q908 |
– |
Analysis of film |
| Q994 |
– |
Social security numbers for exposure databases |
| Q1220 |
– |
Respirator fit testing |
| Q1279 |
– |
Personnel monitoring |
| Q1436 |
– |
Pocket dosimeter and TLD badge |
| Q1613 |
– |
TLDs |
| Q1726 |
– |
TLD-100 for gamma measurements |
| Q1771 |
– |
OSL exchange frequency |
| Q1931 |
– |
LiF compared with NaI(Tl) as a TLD |
| Q2075 |
– |
Sales people at hospitals |
| Q2091 |
– |
Where to wear a film badge dosimeter |
| Q2092 |
– |
Film badge location |
| Q2186 |
– |
Dosimeters |
| Q2303 |
– |
Glass dosimeters |
| Q2392 |
– |
Airborne concentration |
| Q2986 |
– |
TLD-100H |
| Q3142 |
– |
Converting rad to rem |
| Q3557 |
– |
Optically stimulated luminescence |
| Q3801 |
– |
Masking of neutron dose by gamma dose |
| Q4129 |
– |
Badge that changes color |
| Q4321 |
– |
How does TLD (thermoluminescent dosimetry) work? |
| Q4417 |
– |
Geiger counter and nuclear power plant accident |
| Q4942 |
– |
Radiation emitted by the human body |
| Q5225 |
– |
TLD 100 and TLD 700H |
| Q5413 |
– |
Photon energy dependence in calibration and response of LiF |
| Q5429 |
– |
What constitutes whole body in whole-body monitoring? |
| Q5714 |
– |
How to clean TLDs |
| Q6140 |
– |
Integrated response |
| Q6215 |
– |
What is the significance of the readings on the dosimeter I am wearing? |
| Q6266 |
– |
Why is there a different light output for preintegrate portion of readout cycle for TLD-100h vs. TLD-100? |
| Q7249 |
– |
Radium in the body |
| Q7624 |
– |
Personnel dose measurement in medical facilities |
| Q7966 |
– |
What TLD shape is appropriate? |
| Q8191 |
– |
Is there a dosimeter I can use to measure my public exposure? |
| Q8543 |
– |
Can you provide sources for information about personnel dosimetry and biodosimetry? |
| Q8622 |
– |
Neutron albedo—men vs. women |
| Q8689 |
– |
Training to remove the liquid scintillation counter external standard source |
| Q9328 |
– |
Technologist's TLD badges from diagnostic x-ray procedures show no dose. |
| Q9333 |
– |
Technologist's TLD badges from diagnostic x-ray procedures show no dose |
| Q9700 |
– |
Reading of personnel dosimeters |
| Q9915 |
– |
What are these TLD number designations and are they appropriate for neutron dosimetry? |
| Q9960 |
– |
How can I differentiate among these TLD types? |
| Q10015 |
– |
Can glow curve be constructed from individual light photon/PHA measurements? |
| Q10100 |
– |
Why do these TLD 100 dosimeters show decreasing sensitivity with use? |
| Q10222 |
– |
What might account for the high reading on this TLD? |
| Q10234 |
– |
Does the angle of incidence affect the response of this TLD? |
| Q10237 |
– |
Should this TLD be covered if used to evaluate Hp(10)? |
| Q10252 |
– |
Why are these personnel dosimeters all crystalline materials? |
| |
Miscellaneous
|
| Q114 |
– |
What type of probe device should be used for respirator fit testing? |
| Q129 |
– |
Are TLDs sensitive to light? How safe is the glowing water in a reactor? |
| Q229 |
– |
How are plutonium and uranium detected in the body? |
| Q242 |
– |
Ar-41 formation in HPIC due to thermal neutrons |
| Q266 |
– |
How do I determine the concentration of radium-226 in a sample? |
| Q268 |
– |
Grand Canyon measurements |
| Q272 |
– |
What is the relationship between 6 pCi/L wet to 6 pCi/g dry radium? |
| Q386 |
– |
Alpha, beta, and gamma radiation |
| Q700 |
– |
Minimum sensitivity of an instrument |
| Q860 |
– |
False CAM alarms |
| Q907 |
– |
Good instruments or door stops? |
| Q989 |
– |
Lithium glass detectors |
| Q1136 |
– |
CR-39 supplier |
| Q1197 |
– |
How to handle phosphorus-32 and iodine-125 |
| Q1198 |
– |
Time-dependent version of the MCNP Code |
| Q1244 |
– |
Vendors of radiation detection devices |
| Q1293 |
– |
Fission Chamber |
| Q1300 |
– |
Perkin-Elmer cathode lamps |
| Q1366 |
– |
Correction for Hg expansion |
| Q1510 |
– |
Detectors that change color |
| Q1543 |
– |
Radioactivity in concrete |
| Q1590 |
– |
Purchase GM Tube |
| Q1685 |
– |
Disposal of contaminated tubes |
| Q1784 |
– |
GM spreadsheet |
| Q2029 |
– |
Attenuation factor for a vehicle |
| Q2199 |
– |
15 keV x rays |
| Q2200 |
– |
Germanium detector |
| Q2254 |
– |
Old civil defense equipment |
| Q2255 |
– |
Operation of G-M Counters |
| Q2339 |
– |
Americium-241 in moisture density gauges |
| Q2393 |
– |
Volatility of iodine |
| Q2394 |
– |
Proportional counter |
| Q2444 |
– |
Settling tank sensors |
| Q2461 |
– |
Percent error for LiF TLDs |
| Q2548 |
– |
Convert pCi to mg |
| Q2562 |
– |
C-14 measurement |
| Q2774 |
– |
Gamma sterilizing |
| Q3032 |
– |
Research facility design parameters |
| Q3041 |
– |
Radioactivity measurements in a data center |
| Q3156 |
– |
Testing of HEPA units |
| Q3180 |
– |
Landfill radiation monitoring |
| Q3457 |
– |
Doses from californium-252 |
| Q3475 |
– |
Air filtration system |
| Q3497 |
– |
Build a Geiger counter |
| Q3511 |
– |
Air cleaner |
| Q3568 |
– |
Beta protection with a polymer |
| Q3893 |
– |
Silicon PIN diode |
| Q4033 |
– |
Medical x-ray machine |
| Q4098 |
– |
Proportional counters to detect x rays |
| Q4547 |
– |
Resolution of an NaI(Tl) detector |
| Q4854 |
– |
Boron-treated neutron detector |
| Q5368 |
– |
QA/QC for gamma spectroscopy |
| Q5561 |
– |
Radiochromic film for low- and high-energy photons |
| Q5754 |
– |
Annealing cycle for LiF TLD-100 |
| Q5855 |
– |
Gamma energy and detector resolution |
| Q5920 |
– |
Improve charge neutralization of aerosol particles |
| Q5958 |
– |
Declare equipment clean |
| Q6320 |
– |
Origin of the name |
| Q6494 |
– |
How do I repair or dispose of this gamma counter? |
| Q6500 |
– |
Degradation of liquid scintillation standards |
| Q6698 |
– |
Membrane testing for radionuclide penetration |
| Q6711 |
– |
Is it okay to dispose of this civil defense G-M in the trash? |
| Q6886 |
– |
Is CR-39 a tissue-equivalent dosimeter material? |
| Q7153 |
– |
How do I convert tissue dose to silicon dose? |
| Q7531 |
– |
Volume reduction to measure radioactivity in oil |
| Q7692 |
– |
Response of MOSFET dosimeter |
| Q8032 |
– |
Will light from this glass scintillator be visible? |
| Q8165 |
– |
Will gamma radiation damage this glass scintillator? |
| Q8177 |
– |
What container is suitable to analyze solid samples for radium? |
| Q8921 |
– |
Why does CCD detect alpha, but not beta or gamma, radiation? |
| Q8935 |
– |
What are ion chamber guard rings made of? |
| Q8941 |
– |
Will criticality monitors fail in high-radiation field? |
| Q9059 |
– |
Bubblers for tritium collection |
| Q9341 |
– |
How should Monte Carlo predicted count rates for the He-3 and glass scintillator detectors compare? |
| Q9530 |
– |
How will bremsstrahlung from electrons on lead affect instrument response? |
| Q9605 |
– |
How do I model a point detector for Monte Carlo simulation? |
| Q9651 |
– |
What is the leakage source in semiconductors such as CdTe and how can I reduce it? |
| Q10036 |
– |
Can we use wood as a tissue-equivalent material to make an ionization chamber? |
| Q10121 |
– |
How do I determine filter collection efficiency? |
| Q10416 |
– |
How should I recool this HPGE detector that has warmed up? |
| Q10421 |
– |
Static electricity effect on GM detector |
| Q10654 |
– |
Approved techniques/methods for testing HEPA vacuum cleaners |
