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21 November 2009

Answer to Question #8060 Submitted to "Ask the Experts"

Category: Nuclear Medicine Patient Issues — Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine

The following question was answered by an expert in the appropriate field:

My dad had a nuclear stress test two days ago. He was administered 23 mCi of techneticium-99m sestamibi (for the stress part) and 7.7 mCi (for the resting part). When does the radioactive material start to decay? And when is it completely gone? How far should we keep our distance from him in order to have zero exposure?

The overall decay of nuclear medicine from the body depends upon two factors, the physical half-life of the nuclear medicine and the biological removal of the compound. Technetium-99m used in sestamibi has a physical half-life of six hours so that after the first 12 hours, there is only about 25 percent of the material remaining. In addition, the body eliminates the sestamibi compound so that within 48 hours approximately 30 percent of the material is excreted in the urine and an additional 30 percent of the material is excreted in the feces.

There is a bit of variability on how quickly the material decays and leaves the body; however, a recent article in the Journal of Nuclear Cardiology (Dauer et al. 2007) noted that technetium-99m is essentially fully decayed and/or removed within about three days.

The exposure, or dose rate, from a patient who has received technetium-99m is relatively low when compared with other nuclear medicines, and the dose rate is reduced by about half at a distance of three feet and is essentially at background levels at about 6 feet.

Lawrence T. Dauer, PhD, CHP

Reference
Dauer LT, Williamson MJ, St. Germain J, Strauss HW. Journal of Nuc Card 14(6):904-905; 2007.

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