Answer to Question #527 Submitted to "Ask the Experts"

Q

Is there a health risk with consumer products that contain tritium? Example: tritium used on wrist watches, night sights on firearms, and compasses. Thank you, J. Strosahl

A

A self-luminous product is illuminated with a light source that consists of tritium mixed with a phosphor. Tritium (³H) is an isotope of hydrogen that emits low-energy radiation in the form of beta particles. These particles stimulate the phosphor causing the mixture to continuously emit light. The mechanism is similar to an electrical fluorescent lamp with the exception being that the energy is provided by the tritium rather than by an electric current. They are also referred to as radio-luminescent light sources. Because of the very low energy of the beta particles, the particles themselves never escape the product. The particle's energy is converted to visible light, which does escape the product and makes the product visible in the dark. Because of the inherent safety of these products, their normal consumer uses are generally exempted from regulatory control by federal and state authorities. However, such products can pose a health risk if they are disassembled or crushed. This action releases the tritium from the mixture and makes the radioactive material available for inhalation or ingestion. In summary, luminous tritium products that are either new or in good condition can be used for their intended purposes without concern for public health and safety. Products which are damaged or in questionable condition should be retired from use. Rich Allen, CHP